Wind Farm Simulator Model.

1.1               Technical Specification and Description of the model

The software shall represent the different components of the wind turbine using block diagrams and it shall show the different type of connections during operation. The model shall includeapplications that simulate the behavior of the entire wind farm, organized around its SCADA system and a single wind turbine installed in a wind farm

The WFS applications shall follow the principles of:

·         Simulators behave as close to their real counterparts as possible.

·         the Human Machine Interface provides interaction with as many components and subsystems of wind turbines as possible. The complete HMI shall allow the user to access not only the variables normally available through the Wind Turbine Control Terminal, but also simulated “cables” corresponding to connections among the subsystems. There shall be graphic representations to help users identify the wind turbine components.

·         Timing of the evolution of the internal signals are as close to real counterpart as possible.

·         When convenient, real parameters shall be adapted to classroom settings for the sake of usability.

The User Interface for the Simulator SCADA shall include the following items:

•         view of each WT, indicating its internal name, its status (Production, Stopped or Out of Order), the actual production (in percent with respect to the maximum), and the cables that connect it to the Point of Common Connection (typically the Substation).

•          A SCADA view, or a spreadsheet view, where the user can access additional information on each WT and make modifications to some of them.

•         A Maintenance framework through which the user can simulate the change of the WT selected in the SCADA view, from “Out of Order” to “Operational.”

•         A Production framework, also common in most wind farm SCADAs, where the user can see the actual Total Power production, together with the Maximum available Power from the wind.

•         A Meteorological framework where the user can set values for real situations that are obtained from the meteorological station of the Wind Farm.

•         An “Automatic Dispatching” checkbox through which the user can establish a “manual” of “Automatic Dispatching” operation of the Wind Farm.

This simulated wind Turbine Drivetrain synoptic shall be designed to display the most important signals that arrive in the Nacelle emulator, and the signals going out from the Nacelle emulator. The following is a list of these signals:

•         Rotor speed (rpms), from the Nacelle emulator.

•         Generator speed (rpms), from the Nacelle emulator.

•         Pitch value (º), from the Controller emulator.

•         Hydraulic circuit pressure of the braking system, from Nacelle emulator.

•         Hydraulic circuit Pump status, from the Controller emulator.

•         The state of the valve in the hydraulic circuit, controlled by the “Soft brake” and “Hard brake” coming from the Controller emulator.

•         The status of the Pressure switch in the hydraulic circuit.

•         The Brake Released status (ON or OFF) from the Nacelle emulator.

•         The state of each Generator connection switch (Large: 4 poles and Small : 6 poles), from the Controller emulator.

•         The state of the Over speed detectors (VCU, HCU)

•         The state of the Tower vibrations sensor.

•         The temperatures for the Ambient (setting), Rotor bearing, the Gearbox and the Generator from the Nacelle emulator.

In the simulator, it shall show that the purpose of the Wind & Nacelle synoptic is:

•         To allow the user to control wind speed and direction.

•         To show the Nacelle orientation.

•         To show the number of cable turns connecting the Nacelle’s generator to the Electric Panel at the bottom of the WT.

•         To show the (simulated) wind vane signal.

•         To show the signals controlling the yawing motors, the wind vane signal and the power cable turns. There are also control boxes that allow the user to change wind speed and direction, and manually control the yawing motors.

The simulator shall have a multi view of Electrical Panel synoptic and it shall combine representations for many aspects of the electrical power circuits of a Wind Turbine. Each WT is connected to the PCC (Point of Common Connection) on the Wind Farm either in low voltage or at medium voltage. In the later situation, the WT shall include a low-to-medium voltage transformer, generally located in the base of the tower. The various parts of this synoptic shall display as much information as possible to the user about the parameters values and a number of internal variables. It shall be used to display the following information Outputs, Inputs, from the Grid, Parameters, Values for internal variables used in the algorithms, Buttons for the Manual Yawing control, Buttons for activating the “normal” operation (“START”)or passing to Manual control (“STOP”), Information about the internal State Machines (Operation and Security)

1.2               Figurative description of the Model

An equivalent resemblance of the package and components of the simulator model is indicated in Figure 26.