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Liquid-Liquid Extraction- Engineering Lab Training Systems.
Technical Description
The Liquid-Liquid Extraction allows liquid mixtures to be separated using liquid-liquid extraction.
The
liquid mixture to be separated is delivered from the feed tank into the
bottom of the extraction column using a gear pump. There, it moves in
countercurrent towards the solvent, which is delivered into the top of
the packed column by a diaphragm pump. The mixture to be separated is
made up of a transition component and carrier liquid. The carrier liquid
and the solvent are insoluble in one another and therefore a phase
boundary is established in the column. This can be adjusted using two
regulating valves. The movement of the transition component from the
carrier liquid into the solvent occurs inside the packed column. Two
three-way valves can be used to operate the system as a closed or an
open process.
To obtain the transition component and allow reuse
of the solvent, the extract can be processed using a distillation unit.
This consists of a round-bottomed flask with a packed column and a
distillation bridge with Liebig condenser. A hemispherical heating
mantle is used to heat the bottom product in the round-bottomed flask.
The bottom temperature is measured by a sensor, displayed digitally and
controlled using a PID controller. The temperature at the top of the
distillation column is also measured. Distillation removes the solvent
from the transition component which is collected at the bottom of the
unit and can be drawn off as a product. The distilled solvent is
collected in a tank and can be reused in the extraction process.
For
a ternary material system, boiling petrol is recommended as the carrier
liquid with benzoic acid as the transition component and distilled
water as the solvent. A pH and conductivity meter is included to monitor
the efficiency of the separating process.
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