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Flow Properties of Bulk Solids- Engineering Lab Training Systems.
Technical Description
The flow properties of a powder or bulk
solid determine how it behaves during handling. For example, material
may flow irregularly out of silos, or the flow of bulk solid may come to
a stop. In order to avoid these problems in practice, silos can be
designed on the basis of measurements using shear testers, such as the
Jenike shear tester or a ring shear tester.
In a ring shear
tester, a bulk sample is contained in a ring-shaped shear cell. A normal
force is exerted on the sample by way of a lid. A hanger from which a
variable weight is suspended generates this normal force. A motor moves
the shear cell relative to the lid in order to apply shear to the
sample. For compaction (pre-shearing) the sample is subjected to a large
normal force. Electronically amplified force transducers measure the
shear forces which are then recorded by data acquisition software over
time. After pre-shearing, shearing to failure is executed with a reduced
normal force (strength measurement) and likewise recorded by the
software. From the shear force characteristics, properties such as the
compressive strength and internal friction of the bulk solid can be
determined. To determine the density of the bulk solid, the volume of
the bulk sample is ascertained by recording the lowering of the lid
using a dial gauge. So as to also take into account the influence of the
hopper wall material on the outflow behaviour, a separate measurement
is performed with a ring-shaped sample of the wall material.
An
evaluation software is available to determine the flow properties from
the experimental results. The flow properties identified are used to
determine the optimum geometry of a silo's discharge hopper. Trainer is
provided for practical verification of the design results obtained in
terms of mass flow/funnel flow. The ring shear tester and the evaluation
software were developed by Prof. Dr. Dietmar Schulze (from Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel University of Applied Sciences).
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