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Discontinuous Rectification- Engineering Lab Training Systems.
Technical Description
Distillation is used to
separate liquid mixtures made up of individual liquids that are soluble
in one another. Rectification refers to distillation in a
countercurrent. Ethanol/water is recommended as the liquid mixture for
the Discontinuous Rectification. The liquid mixture is added to the
evaporator (bottom) tank. The mixed vapour produced moves upwards in the
column. The mixed vapour contains a higher concentration of the
component with the lower boiling point (ethanol). It leaves the top of
the column and is condensed using a condenser and a phase separation
tank. Part of the condensate is collected in a tank as product while the
rest is fed back into the column. Here, on its way downwards, it
undergoes further heating and material exchange with the rising mixed
vapour. This exchange causes the vapour phase to become richer in
ethanol and the liquid phase to become richer in water. The liquid phase
moves to the bottom where it is collected.
A sieve tray column
and a packed column are available. The packed column is filled with
Raschig rings. The reflux ratio is adjusted using actuating valves.
Relevant
measured values are recorded using sensors and displayed digitally on
the control cabinet. The evaporator is adjusted using a PID controller.
A
large, clear process diagram on the control cabinet makes it easy to
assign all the process variables. The well-structured instructional
material sets out the technological fundamentals and provides a
step-by-step guide through the measurements and experiments.
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